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Standards Development
This document is to provide the guidelines and technical requirements for clustering of AC microgrids and the operation and control of microgrid clusters. This includes an overview of the microgrid clustering topologies, and the technical requirements on connection and coordinated control of microgrid clusters.
This document includes specifications for the operation modes, control architectures, power interactions, as well as blackstart, and resynchronisation procedures of microgrid clusters.
The microgrid clusters and the internal microgrids can operate in grid -connected mode or island mode. In grid-connected mode, there should be a single connection for the microgrid cluster to the main grid.
DC microgrids are excluded from this document.
In regional distribution networks, multiple microgrids may coexist in close proximity to each other. As such, microgrid clusters gradually form, which follow a cellular approach or recursive bottom-up approach. Grouping microgrids to a cluster can improve the reliability, and the layered structure makes it easier to implement control schemes according to the subsidiarity principle.
Microgrid clusters are particularly useful for geographical islands or other remote areas with weak connections to the main grid, such as a chain of islands or a cluster of villages. Industrial parks and facilities with crucial loads with higher requiremen ts for power quality and reliability can also benefit from cascaded microgrid clusters. Furthermore, as a microgrid acts as a single controllable entity, this controllability can be used to support active distribution network in their task to mitigate fluc tuating generation from non- dispatchable renewables. For existing microgrids with high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources, forming a cluster can also provide control schemes for clusters with higher flexibility. This may help with coping with stability and congestion issues brought by renewable energy, and facilitate the local consumption of renewable energy.
In terms of the operation and control of microgrid clusters, a mature and standardized architecture has not yet been formed. The existing documents on microgrids only specify single microgrids, and lack requirements on the coordination of microgrid clusters. Unlike a single microgrid, a microgrid cluster is composed of multiple microgrids with connections in between, and hence has various operation modes, which can cause stability issues in the overall interaction between the microgrid cluster and the power grid.
This proposal intends to fill this gap with specifications for the connection, operation modes, control architectures, power interactions, as well as blackstart, and resynchronisation procedures of microgrid clusters. It will benefit various stakeholders s uch as utilities, equipment manufacturers, engineering companies, and users by providing a standard approach to facilitate the implementation of microgrid clusters and reduce the implementation and maintenance efforts. In general, the costs of microgrid cl usters are expected to decrease with standardization in design and components.
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