Standards Development

Scope

This document provides a method to determine the Payne effect (filler-filler interaction/filler network) of rubber vulcanizates in the hardness range from 30 IRHD to 80 IRHD. The dynamic properties are measured via strain sweep in sinusoidal deformation at a defined temperature and frequency. Difference in storage modulus is determined to quantitatively estimate the Payne effect (filler-filler interaction/filler network) there by dispersion of filler in rubber vulcanizates. 

Purpose

The reinforcement properties of the fillers are highly depended on the quality of rubber-filler interaction in rubber matrix. The mixing of fillers into rubber matrix involves different stages which includes the rubber-filler Interaction as one stage. In this Phase, filler agglomerates are broken down into primary aggregates. Rubber-filler Interaction process directly depends on the structure and morphology of the fillers.

This document is based on a force induced vibration test from which the dynamic properties are measured via strain sweep and Payne effect (filler-filler interaction/filler network) is quantitatively estimated from the difference in storage modulus (E’)/Complex Modulus (E*) in tension mode or (G’) in shear mode between the lowest and highest percentage strain applied.

The calculated value of difference in storage modulus depends on the experimental conditions and the mode of deformation. Strain sweep measurement in dynamic mode is also sensitive to the temperature dependent physical properties of the material. The effect of annealing is significantly reflected on the properties and gives an insight to the transformation takes place during the process of curing and the dispersion in product.