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This document specifies the method for assessing the degree of banding of element segregation in steels using electron probe microanalysis (hereinafter referred to as EPMA). This document is mainly applicable to plastically deformed steels.
Segregation occurs during the dendritic solidifification of steel and is aligned by subsequent deformation,which consequently leads to the formation of elemental banding in rolled steel products. Element banding causes microstructural heterogeneity, that is banded microstructure, adversely affecting the mechanical properties, processability, and in-service performance of steel products, and may even lead to premature fracture. Therefore, strict control of elemental banding is essential, and accurate assessment of its severity is a prerequisite for such control. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) enables rapid mapping analysis of elements such as C, Mn, and Cr in steel. The banding in the carbon element map is closely related to the banding of the layered ferrite -pearlite structure. The degree of banding in the maps of alloying elements such as manganese can reflect the severity of the primary banding. Therefore, the severity of the banded structure can be assessed by the banding degree of EPMA map of carbon, manganese,or other alloying elements.
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