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Standards Development
This document specifies a method for characterizing and declaring fine bubble generation performance of showerheads and faucets under specified inlet water pressure and hydraulic loss conditions. This document applies to domestic showerheads and faucets that are intended to generate fine bubbles using the pressure and flow of supplied water. This document specifies reportable parameters including inlet water pressure, flow rate with and without the fine bubble product or reference outlet, flow-rate loss ratio, hydraulic loss, and the size and number concentration of generated microbubbles and/or ultrafine bubbles measured in accordance with relevant fine bubble measurement standards. This document does not specify requirements for cleaning, washing, health, comfort, water-saving, durability, mechanical safety or sanitary tapware performance. Such functions, when claimed, should be evaluated using the relevant application-specific standards. This document does not establish pass/fail criteria or performance grades unless such criteria are specified separately by the manufacturer, purchaser, regulator or another applicable standard.
Domestic showerheads and faucets can generate microbubbles and/or ultrafine bubbles using supplied water pressure and flow. The measured bubble size and number concentration depend on the operating pressure, flow rate and water conditions. ISO 7428-1 and ISO 7429-1 provide bubble measurement methods, but a concentration value alone does not identify the hydraulic conditions under which it was obtained. This Technical Specification provides a common framework for reporting inlet pressure, flow-rate reduction, hydraulic loss and bubble properties as a linked data set. Purified water is specified for bubble size and number concentration measurements to control the water-quality background. The framework supports manufacturers, laboratories and users in comparing results under stated conditions without duplicating existing measurement methods. The proposal is limited to domestic showerheads and faucets; it does not establish product grades or requirements for cleaning, health, comfort or actual water-saving performance. The submitted draft includes distilled-water ultrafine bubble measurements and system-level flow comparisons. These provide experimental examples, not proof of water savings for equivalent cleaning tasks. A TS allows this focused declaration framework to be developed while evidence for application-specific effects is assessed separately.
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