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This document provides a methodology for the quantification of the following trace elements in the lithium carbonate matrix: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aluminium (Al), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), boron (B), sulphur (expressed as SO4-2) and silicon (Si)
Lithium (Li) is a white metal that belongs to the group of alkali metals on the periodic table of elements. It is the lightest metal, has a low atomic weight and density and a high electrochemical potential. It is highly reactive, that is why in nature it is not found in pure form as Li. Lithium is only found in salt flats, as lithium chloride (LiCl) in brines and in the form of lithium oxide (Li2O) in minerals or rocks (spodumene and lepidolite). Because of the lithium properties mentioned above, it has several applications like:
Glass and ceramics
Lubricating greases
Rubber and plastics
Metallurgical alloys
but the most important application nowadays is for lithium-ion batteries.
The main lithium-producing countries are Australia with 40.000 metric tons, Chile with 18.000 metric tons and China 14.000 metric tons (source: Statista 2021). New lithium extraction technologies and production plants are being launched around the world for Li-ion batteries to meet the demand for batteries for electric vehicles. This document aims to be a contribution in the delivery of a validated and standardized methodology which defines: the trace elements that must be characterized in the lithium carbonate matrix at an international level and provides the analytical parameters to perform the quantification of each of trace elements using the ICP-OES analytical technique. Finally, the value provided by this document is quite broad considering that it will not only be a contribution for end users in verifying the quality of lithium carbonate, but also for any production company that wishes to certify the quality of lithium carbonate produced through an internationally recognized standard, regardless of the origin of lithium carbonate (brine or mineral)
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