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The standard describes calculation models to estimate the structure-borne sound pressure level in buildings due to outdoor ground vibration generated by sources located outside of the building, either at the ground surface or underground. This structure-borne sound is also called ground-borne sound.
The sources can be railway lines, industrial machines or equipment, construction work machineries, and even road traffic, mainly related to trucks passing on joints between road elements. Outdoor sources generating stationary, or time varying vibration signals are both considered in this standard.
The sound pressure level estimation is primarily based on measurable or predictable data that characterize the ground vibration field exciting the building, the vibration immission to building (including building coupling with ground and transmission through building), and the sound radiation in the building rooms. The proposed models allow including the effect on structure-borne sound of vibration mitigation measures in the building.
The frequency range of interest primarily covers the one-third octave bands from 16 to 250 Hz as in the standard XP ISO/TS 14837-31 for railway systems; its extension to higher frequencies (up to 500 Hz) is considered in the standard.
The document describes the principles of the calculation models, lists the relevant input and output quantities and defines its applications and restrictions. The models given are applicable to calculations in frequency bands (usually one-third octave bands). It is intended for acoustical experts and provides the framework for the development of application documents and tools for other users in the field of building construction or ground vibration sources, considering local circumstances.
The calculation procedure provides results corresponding to the data from field measurements according to XP ISO/TS 14837-31 expressed as A-weighted sound pressure level.
Are out of the scope of this standard:
- modelling of the outdoor ground vibration sources
- excitation by indoor vibration sources (inside building)
-low frequency vibration excitation (below 16 Hz)
- proposal of target values for acceptable structure-borne sound pressure level in buildings
- estimation of rattle noise (mainly associated to low frequency vibration excitation)
The calculation models described use the most general approach for engineering purposes, with a link to measurable input quantities that specify the performance of parts of the building, including the ones in contact with the ground. Users should, however, be aware that other calculation models also exist, each with their own applicability and restrictions.
The models are based on experience with predictions for dwellings and offices; they could also be used with caution for other types of buildings particularly if the dimensions of constructions are too different from those in dwellings.
Mitigation measures are considered at building level, i.e. either in the building or at the building/ground interface.
There is no standard on predicting structure-borne noise generated inside buildings by outdoor ground vibration from railway lines or other ground vibration sources. But prediction methods are required for designing buildings protecting inhabitants against such structure borne noise according to national regulations, guidelines, recommendations…. This structure-borne sound is also called ground-borne sound.
Technical specification XP ISO 14837-31 (see item 14) gives guidance to field measurements of ground-borne noise (frequency range 16 Hz to 250 Hz) and vibration (from a few Hz) inside buildings, arising from rail operations. It includes two informative annexes relative to characterizing vibration immission to building and to predicting ground-borne noise from building element vibration; however only heavy buildings are considered. These annexes could be checked, probably improved and made applicable also to lightweight buildings (as the EN 12354 series), and used in the proposed new standard, which could be identified as 12354-7.
Mitigation measures will be considered at building level, i.e. either in the building or at the building/ground interface.
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