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This document specifies the principles, procedures, and technical requirements for the selection, design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of groundwater remediation technologies for in situ leaching (ISL) uranium mining. This document is applicable to the prevention, control and remediation of groundwater contamination resulting from uranium in situ leaching mining.
This document specifies the principles, procedures, and technical requirements for the selection, design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of groundwater remediation technologies for in situ leaching (ISL) uranium mining, which is applicable to the prevention, control and remediation of groundwater contamination resulting from uranium in situ leaching mining. Uranium in-situ leaching is a new type of uranium mining and metallurgy technology, including acid in-situ leaching and alkali in-situ leaching. Compared with the conventional mining, uranium in situ leaching has many unique advantages, such as low investment, short construction period, low production cost, low energy consumption, low labour intensity, high production efficiency, no tailings and waste rock, no destruction of natural landscape, minor ground pollution, easily realization of large-scale production automation, advantageous to environmental protection and safety production. Therefore, in-situ uranium leaching technology experience fast development in the world. In the past 10 years, uranium production by insitu leaching has ranked first among various uranium mining and metallurgy methods, among which the global production of natural uranium produced by in-situ leaching reached 27,773 tU, accounting for 56% of the world's natural uranium production in 2022. Decommissioning and environmental governance is the last step in the whole process of site selection, design, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and one of the key steps to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear industry. It is essential to carry out remediation after the end of in-situ leaching uranium operation. Environmental treatment and remediation is an significant part of nuclear decommissioning and radioactive waste treatment. The decommissioning and environmental remediation of in-situ leaching uranium includes surface decommissioning and remediation, groundwater remediation and borehole plugging, among which groundwater remediation is the emphasis. China is the only country with uranium mining and metallurgy method of underground mining, open-pit mining, in-situ leaching, heap leaching and in situ blasting, also the only country with acid and alkaline uranium production. China has accumulated much experience on radiation protection and environmental protection of uranium mining and metallurgy, especially on groundwater remediation of in situ uranium leaching.
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