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Standards Development
This document establishes a general methodological framework that applies to the measurement and verification of CO2 emission reduction from solar energy utilization.
This document specifies the following in the context of CO2 emission reduction of solar energy utilization:
--generic terminology
--basic concept of CO2 emission reduction
--common methodology for determination of CO2 emission reduction
--principles for reporting of results of CO2 emission reduction
This document will be applicable to other specific documents in the field of measurement and verification of CO2 emission reduction from solar energy utilization at different levels such as organizations, projects and products.
The development of the specific methodology for measurement and verification of CO2 emission reduction from solar energy utilization at different levels such as organizations, projects and products is not in the scope of this document.
Climate change is well accepted as the key topic for the global sustainable development. As one of the critical measures tackling climate change, efforts for energy transition from the traditional fossil energy to the low-carbon renewable energy have been widely planning and making around the world. Undoubtedly, solar thermal utilization as one of the most widely used renewable energy utilization have been globally deployed and operating and playing key roles in providing clean, affordable, easily accessible and inexhaustible energy. According to the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Program (IEA SHC) , the global solar thermal capacity in operation and annual energy yield keeps growing during 2000-2023,the total operational solar thermal capacity reached 560GWth equivalent to 800 million square meters of collector area at the end of 2023 with a 3% increase compared to 2022, and at the end of 2022 in the 72 recorded countries, the annual collector yield of all water-based solar thermal systems for the simulated applications(swimming pool, domestic hot water (DHW) for single-family houses, DHW for multi-family houses and solar combi-systems) is 443 TWh, corresponds to a final energy savings equivalent to 47.6 million tons of oil and 150.7 million tons of CO2.
Obviously, solar thermal utilization is continuously and rapidly replacing the fossil energy and therefore huge CO2 emission is being reduced correspondingly. As a result, scientific, reasonable, precise, interpretable and comparable measurement and verification of CO2 emission reduction from the solar energy utilization is becoming a common concern for the global stakeholders, for example, The policy makers need this expected measurement so that macro-level road map could be made to plan and guide the low carbon energy transition through solar energy utilization. The industry stakeholders need this expected measurement so that the solar energy utilization related industry, technology, projects and products with significant CO2 emission reduction could be identified, and then rapidly and efficiently developed, disseminated and deployed worldwide through global trade.
The climate change related financers and investors need this expected measurement so that the international funding and investment could be efficiently used in the solar energy utilization related technology, products, projects or organization with significant CO2 emission reduction.
Actually, international efforts have already being done on the similar topic, for example, IEA SHC Task 71 “Life Cycle and Cost Assessment for Heating and Cooling Technologies” has been working on preparing for upcoming regulations and initiatives on a political level and to improve further and visualize the environmental sustainability of the solar heating and cooling products since 2023, undoubtedly such kind of efforts could be seen as potential inputs to the proposed international standards.
Considering the international standards for solar energy utilization related CO2 emission reduction measurement are still in absence, it is becoming one of the top priorities for the ISO solar energy community to develop related international standards to meet the badly need from global stakeholders. In 2021, ISO/TC180 Solar Energy established the AHG1 on CO2 Measurement to do preliminary study for the development of the solar energy utilization related CO2 emission reduction determination standards.
During the last four years, ISO/TC180/AHG1 built up an international expert team led by the proposed project leader of this proposal, investigated the relevant documents and studied at international, regional and national levels, developed the basic idea on the methodology and figured out the related standard system framework. Since all the preliminary work laid solid foundation for the development of international standards, this proposal is developed and submitted to facilitate the global transition to low carbon development.
Considering that the significant complexity and differences come with the corresponding CO2 measurement methods and practices at different levels of organizations, projects and products, a series of standards are expected to be developed to address the measurement and verification of CO2 emission reduction at different levels respectively.
This proposed standard is the first one of the serial standards, aiming to build up the methodological framework, generic terminology, principles, general methods and procedures of the CO2 emission reduction measurement of solar energy utilization to be followed and further developed by the other potential standards specifically for the CO2 reduction at different levels and address the key issues including, Confusions and difficulties in the related information exchange and communication among the other standards for organizations, projects and products emission reduction due to the absence of standardized generic terminology for CO2 emission reduction of solar energy utilization; Inconsistency and disharmonization among the key elements of measurement and verification methods for CO2 emission reduction at different levels of organizations, projects and products due to the absence of common methodology for determination of CO2 emission reduction. The specific methods may vary at different levels of organizations, projects and products, but it is necessary to develop the common methodology framework to ensure the consistency and harmonization among different specific methods, particularly to ensure all the specific methods to be developed by following the same principles and key procedure of measurement and verification of CO2 emission so that expected accuracy and comparability of the CO2 measurement results can be achieved among different levels.
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