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This document provides a methodology for the quantification of the following trace elements in the lithium hydroxide monohydrate matrix: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aluminium (Al), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), sulphur (S) and silicon (Si).
Lithium (Li) is a white metal that belongs to the group of alkali metals on the periodic table of elements. Lithium is the lightest metal, has a low atomic mass and density, and a high electrochemical potential. Lithium is highly reactive, therefore it is not found in nature in the pure form of Li. Lithium is only found in salt flats and brines, as lithium chloride (LiCl), and in the form of lithium oxide (Li2O) in minerals or rocks such as spodumene and lepidolite.
Due to the desirable properties mentioned above, Lithium has important applications in Li-ion batteries. Other significant applications of lithium include:
Glass and ceramics,
Lubricating greases,
Rubber and plastics,
Metallurgical alloys.
The main lithium-producing countries are Australia with 40 000 metric tons, Chile with 18 000 metric tons and China 14 000 metric tons (source: Statista 2021). New lithium extraction technologies and production plants are being launched around the world for Li-ion batteries to meet the demand for batteries for electric vehicles.
This document aims to be a contribution in the delivery of a validated and standardized methodology which defines: the trace elements that must be characterized in the lithium hydroxide monohydrate matrix at an international level and provides the analytical parameters to perform the quantification of each trace elements using the ICP analytical technique.
Finally, the value provided by this document is quite broad considering that it will not only be a contribution for end users in verifying the quality of lithium hydroxide monohydrate, but also for any production company that wishes to certify the quality of lithium hydroxide monohydrate produced through an internationally recognized standard.
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