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This document specifies the requirements and precautions for measuring the current-voltage (I-V), spectral response, and other photovoltaic characteristics of research-level perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells under indoor simulated light sources. It is primarily applicable to full-area or localized testing of small-area PV cells used in research and development.
This document is mainly intended for single-junction perovskite PV cells. However, it can also be applied to other types of PV cells, such as organic, dye-sensitized, gallium arsenide, copper indium gallium selenide, and quantum dot PV cells. The photovoltaic characteristics testing of perovskite PV modules or tandem PV cells with perovskite PV cells as sub-cells for research and development purposes may also refer to the measurement standards proposed in this document.
In recent years, perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cell technology has developed rapidly, attracting widespread attention from both the academic and industrial communities. Currently, the highest certified efficiency of single-junction perovskite PV cells has increased from about 20% to 26.9% in the past five years, making it comparable to the efficiency records of commercial crystalline silicon cell technologies. The highest efficiency of perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem PV cells has reached 34.6%.
Despite the rapid development of perovskite cell technology, there are still certain issues with its measurement methods. The efficiency measurement results reported in many journals and news articles are not accurate, and there is a lack of consistency between measurements conducted in different laboratories. The reasons for this are twofold. On one hand, due to the unique characteristics of perovskite PV cells, such as hysteresis, metastable states, pre-treatment requirements, and different spectral response bands, the existing IEC 60904 series standards are not fully applicable. On the other hand, unlike crystalline silicon cells, which generally have an area of several tens of square centimeters, the efficiency records of perovskite cells are often measured from devices with an area of 1 square centimeter or even a few square millimeters. This poses challenges for the measurement of device area and the calibration of solar simulator irradiance.
Therefore, establishing unified testing standards for perovskite PV cells, especially for small-area cells used in research and development, is of great significance for the development of perovskite PV cell technology.
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