Standards Development

Scope

This document specifies performance and life testing of secondary sodium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).

NOTE 1 Secondary sodium-ion cell used for propulsion of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) can be tested by the procedure either for BEV application or HEV application, according to the battery system design, based on the agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.

The objective of this document is to specify the test procedures to obtain the essential characteristics of sodium -ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications regarding capacity,power density, energy density, storage life and cycle life.

This document provides the standard test procedures and conditions for testing basic performance characteristics of sodium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications, which are indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential data on cells for various designs of battery systems and battery packs.

NOTE 2 Based on the agreement between the manufacturer and the customer, specific test conditions can be selected in addition to the conditions specified in this document. Selective test conditions are described in Annex A.

NOTE 3 The performance tests for the electrically connected sodium-ion cells can be performed with reference to this document. NOTE 4 The test specification for sodium-ion battery packs and systems is defined in ISO 12405-4.

Purpose

Sodium-ion cells work similarly to lithium-ion cells in a rocking chair, relying on sodium ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes. In recent years, sodium-ion cells have gradually entered the stage of large-scale production. With the increase in industrial investment, maturation of technology, and gradual improvement of the industrial chain, sodium-ion cells are expected to become an important complement to lithium-ion cells. The specification of sodium-ion cells in electric vehicles is p roposed due to the characteristics of lower cost, better low-temperature performance, and higher safety. Sodium-ion cells are considered the ideal choice for power cells. However, the international standard system for sodium-ion cells has not yet been established. There is no unified international standard for the development, production, testing, application, and maintenance of sodium-ion cells. The existence of these issues significantly hinders the practical application of sodium-ion cells and does not support the further enhancement of productivity. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a corresponding international standard system for sodium-ion cells modeled after lithium-ion cells to better guide and promote the practical application of sodium-ion cells.