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Standards Development
This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions between 0,2 µm and 100 µm of X-ray tubes up to and including 225 kV tube voltage by means of the line group fit method and evaluation of digital images. This specifically covers the missing standardisation of focal spot measurement of spots 5 µm. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of nano and micro focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the evaluation of an X-ray image taken with line group gauges.
In order to cover the full range of effective focal spot sizes, three different methods are described in EN 12543-2: 2021, EN 12543-4: 1999, and EN 12543-5: 1999, which are actively used. EN 12543-2 has already been adopted as ISO 32543-1. EN 12543.4 and EN 12543-5 are under preparation for parallel procedure as ISO 32543-2 and ISO 32543-3. The measurement method of ISO 32543-1 is intended for effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1000 kV tube voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The edge method of EN 12543- 4: 1999 (future ISO 32543-2) is intended for effective focal spot sizes of macrofocus tubes with spot sizes of Y> 0,5 and up to 500 kV. The edge measurement method of EN 12543-5 (future ISO 32543-3) is intended for measurement of effective focal spot sizes between 5µm and 300µm and mainly applicable for the use with microfocus tubes. During the last 10 years a new generation of X-ray tubes was developed with focal spot sizes 5 µm down to 200 nm. This range is not covered by any international standard. New test gauges and procedures were developed in an European project to cover this range with sufficient measurement methods. An international Round Robin Test was conducted to evaluate and verify the new gauges and procedures. The concept of these measurement procedures permits covering a focal spot in the range from 0,2 µm to 100 µm.
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