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Standards Development
This document provides guideline for aligning geometrical representation from BIM to GIS and GIS to BIM. As a part of the framework for BIM-GIS information exchange and a technology roadmap on data sharing, this document provides a way of filtering out and aligning the types from different conceptual models defined in published ISO standards relating to geometric representation in both GIS and BIM domains. It illustrates the constraint when various geometric types are used and represented in different contexts such as curvature terrain or 2D vertical profile in linear reference system.
Geometric information is one of the most important parts of the theoretical framework and technical applications of GIS and BIM. It visually reflects the shape, location, posture, and spatial topological relationships between features or entities. Based on different theoretical frameworks, GIS and BIM have introduced differentiated geometric representation definition systems that meet the needs of their respective application fields. With the goal of geospatially positioning feature objects in the real world, GIS first defines points (0- dimensional) that have both positioning and geometric representation capabilities, and then extends to lines (1-dimensional), surfaces (2-dimensional), and bodies (3-dimensional). Facing the geometric representation needs of regional and even global large area and multiple scales, GIS requires geometric data structures that can be quickly accessed by computers and easily displayed by frontends. A data structure that fits the representation of real boundaries named as mesh, has become the mainstream method of geometric representation in the field of GIS. However, starting from the perspective of accurately describing architectural design objects, BIM first defines the body(3-dimensional) that completely expresses the image of the Entity, followed by the outline (2-dimensional) and path (1-dimensional) that constitute the body, and finally the point (0- dimensional). In order to meet the requirements of changing designs, accurately calculating quantities and costs, BIM adopts the Construct Solid Geometry (CSG) method, which can directly drive the geometric shape change of entities, as the main geometric representation method, while using the Boundary Representation (BRrep) method for the preview and verification of staged modelling results. Therefore, in order to achieve information exchange between BIM and GIS, it is necessary to carry out relevant work to clarify the scope and implementation methods of aligning geometric representation. BIM aims to be more accuracy in geometric representation, and its application requirements are manifested in the priority of CSG over BRep. However, GIS selects appropriate and approximate geometric accuracy data based on factors such as camera distance and scale. In order to reduce or avoid the complexity process that turning CSG into irregular triangulated networks (TIN) or meshes represented by GIS. It is necessary to directly use the geometric data stored with the types in same conception or meaning. The work will compare and link related geometric representation types in GIS and BIM standards.
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