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Standards Development
This document describes the time of flight diffraction (TOFD) testing of polyethylene butt fusion (BF) joints, including pipe-to-pipe, pipe-to-fitting, and fitting-to-fitting joints, used for the conveyance of fluids. This document provides a test to detect imperfections such as voids, inclusions, lack of fusions, misalignment, and particulate contamination in the BF joints. The document only applies to polyethylene pipes and fittings without a barrier to ultrasonic waves. This document also provides requirements for procedure qualification and guidance for personnel qualifications, which are essential for applying this test technique. This document also covers the equipment, the preparation and performance of the test, the indication assessment, and the reporting for polyethylene BF joints. Acceptance criteria are not covered in this document.
One of the key contributors to the success of the use of polyethylene pipes is the butt fusion joint, the state of which relates to the structural integrity of the pipe joint system. As polyethylene pipes are now expanding to more demanding large diameters and thick wall dimensions as well as to use in areas where strict codes and standards apply, the requirements for methods to better ensure the integrity of the butt fusion joints are becoming essential. To obtain reliable joints, there are now efforts to develop standards for several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, and the time of flight diffraction (TOFD) method for examining butt-fusion joints is among them. Various defects in butt fusion joints, such as voids, inclusions, lack of fusions, misalignments, and particulate contaminations, are now possible to detect, and actions are taken accordingly during installation. The TOFD method is being standardized to provide an additional NDE method to the concerned industries.
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