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Standards Development
This document establishes the principles, instruments, sampling, experimental condition design, mechanical testing, calculation, and result reporting requirements and procedures for calculation of shale brittleness index based on the triaxial method for determining shale mechanical characteristics. This document is applicable to the testing and calculation of shale brittleness index in the assessment of reservoirs and selection of areas for marine shale gas exploration and development.
Shale gas is an important low-carbon clean energy, and its development plays a positive role in mitigating global climate change. In its exploration and development, it is necessary to establish a flowing channel in the shale reservoir through hydraulic fracturing to increase the production of individual wells. As a key parameter for evaluating the fracturability in volume fracturing, the shale brittleness index is an important basis for selecting high-quality shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, a unified calculation method of shale brittleness index can help operators, service companies, investors, governments and other stakeholders to quickly identify the "engineering sweet spots" of shale gas, select favorable zones with exploitation value, and realize its large-scale development. In its exploration and development worldwide, given the effectiveness of theory, reliability of results, and universality of operation, two methods for characterizing shale brittleness index gradually stand out — mineral composition method and rock mechanics method. Among them, the results obtained by X-ray diffraction method for determining shale mineral characteristics and triaxial method for determining shale mechanical characteristics appear the most reliable. As a result, these two methods have seen intensive application and research in the United States, China, Australia, Norway, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands, among others. Standardization of the above two methods into a series of international standards (namely, "Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 1: Determination of shale mineral characteristics based on X-ray diffraction" and "Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 2:Determination of shale mechanical characteristics based on triaxial method" ) contributes to unified shale brittleness index data recognized by all stakeholders, and international shale gas development and utilization cooperation projects. The method given in the" Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 2: Determination of shale mechanical characteristics based on triaxial method Testing Method" is of high accuracy. Utilizing the rock mechanics experiment based on simulated triaxial method, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of shale are determined. Subsequently, a normalization algorithm is developed based on these parameters to accurately calculate the shale brittleness index.
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