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Standards Development
This document establishes the methods and principles, instruments, sampling, composition analysis, calculation and result reporting requirements and procedures for the calculation of shale brittleness index based on X-ray diffraction method for determining the shale mineral characteristics. This document is applicable to the testing and calculation of shale brittleness index in the assessment of reservoirs and selection of areas for marine shale gas exploration and development
Shale gas is an important low-carbon clean energy, and its development plays a positive role in mitigating global climate change. In its exploration and development, it is necessary to establish a flowing channel in the shale reservoir through hydraulic fracturing to increase the production of individual wells. As a key parameter of the fracturability evaluation in volume fracturing, the shale brittleness index is an important basis for selecting high-quality shale gas reservoirs. As a result, a unified calculation method of shale brittleness index can help operators, service companies, investors, governments and other stakeholders to quickly identify the "engineering sweet spots" of shale gas, select favorable zones with exploitation value, and realize its large-scale development. In its exploration and development worldwide, in consideration of the theoretical validity, result reliability and operational universality, two methods for characterizing shale brittleness index gradually stand out — mineral composition method and rock mechanics method. Among them, the results obtained by the Xray diffraction method for determining shale mineral characteristics and the triaxial method for determining shale mechanical characteristics are the most reliable. As a result, these two methods have seen intensive application and research in the United States, China, Australia, Norway, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands, and other countries. Standardization of the above two methods into a series of international standards (namely, "Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 1: Determination of shale mineral characteristics based on X-ray diffraction" and "Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 2: Determination of shale mechanical characteristics based on triaxial method" ) contributes to unified shale brittleness index data recognized by all stakeholders, and international shale gas development and utilization cooperation projects. The method given in the "Natural gas upstream area - Determination and calculation of shale brittleness index - Part 1: Determination of shale mineral characteristics based on X-ray diffraction" is convenient and efficient. Based on brittle and plastic mechanical properties of the basic minerals in shale, this method applies algorithms such as brittle mineral mass percentage or assigns different mineral brittleness coefficients to quickly quantify the brittle characteristics of shale composed of different minerals.
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