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Standards Development
This document establishes requirements and recommendations for face-aware systems, which:
- capture images automatically and semi-automatically,
- capture (output) images that target application specific quality related requirements,
- support the capture of face images that are suitable for automated face recognition,
- support the capture of images suitable for human examination and comparison,
- add requirements on real-time capture feedback on image quality,
- establish requirements on image handling post capture.
The technical specification also describes typical application profiles that contain specific requirements and recommendations.
The following are excluded from scope:
- ICAO Portrait Quality requirements,
- ISO/IEC Biometric data format requirements,
- particular form factor,
- constrain mechanisms for capturing frontal photographs from persons.
The technical specification excludes requirements regarding conformity that cannot be tested in a mature way even if ISO/IEC 19794-5 [ISO19794-5-2005] [ISO19794-5-2011] and ISO/IEC 39794-5 specify.
This standard is intended to define capture subsystemsX that mitigate the problems enumerated below. These problems occur with some frequency in
1. Capture of images with zero faces present.
2. Capture of images with multiple people present, some in the background
3. Capture of images with faces present but in which the subject was not ready and looking at, for example, the floor.
4. Capture of images with poor subject behavior (too close to camera, eyes closed etc.)
5. Capture of images with poor imaging properties (inadequate illumination, for example)
6. Capture of images with resolution inadequate for human adjudication.
7. Capture of only frontal views, which are not sufficient for human adjudication.
8. Capture of images for which conformance to ISO/IEC 39794-5 (19794-5) is not documented.
9. Undetected presentation attacks (false negatives), and false positives
10. Tampering of images including morphing, beautification, or other alterations
11. Inappropriate compression, cropping and resizing of images.
12. Imperfect association of images from multiple modalities, collected during the same photo session. This standard establishes properties for capture subsystems. Its requirements define face-aware capture-subsystems that have knowledge of the appearance of the anatomical object being imaged i.e. the face.
Fingerprint sensors and iris cameras function, almost universally, by actively seeking and assessing the image they expect, and are designed to acquire. For face documentary standards exist on how to photograph a face and the properties of the resulting photograph (e.g. portrait, full-frontal view, 128 grey levels), faces are typically acquired without automation, relying on a fixed geometry and environmental control, and photographic competence. It remains common for quality or conformity assessment to either not be done at all or to be de-coupled from the capture process occurring on a client-side computer, or later by a human reviewer (e.g. consular official reviewing a photograph submitted for a visa application).
This proposed standard envisages close to real-time
• assessment of image properties,
• closed-loop adjustment of illumination,
• feedback to subject or photographer.
X The term capture subsystem appears in the harmonized “components of a general biometric system” figure that appears, for example, in CD2 revision 37N6909 of ISO/IEC 19795-1.
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