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Standards Development
This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds and seedlings. It is suitable for use in quality assurance during the production and marketing of cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings.
Licorice is one of the most frequently used medicinal plants and has been used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for more than 4000 years. It is widely used in medicine, food and cosmetics industry in the worldwide. It is rich in triterpenoids and flavonoids, such as ammonium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, glabridin etc., and has antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant immunoregulatory and several other activities. It is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, European Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia. It is also used as sweetener, antioxidant, antibacterial agent, foaming agent and flavor enhancer. Meanwhile, it is a food additive approved by the European Union, the United States, China and other countries (regions). Glabridin is recognized as a safe whitening agent because it has a significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity, and has low toxicity to melanocytes. Between 2019 and 2021, a total of 119 countries (regions) were engaged in international trade of licorice products. 3 countries (regions) only exported and 60 countries (regions) only imported licorice products. 56 countries (regions) both exported and imported licorice products. In 2020, the global trade volume of licorice extract reached 29,006.25 million USD, up 361.14% compared with 2017. In the ISO/TR 23975 Traditional Chinese medicine — Priority list of single herbal medicines for developing standards, it ranks 7th. Three original plants, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. are defined as licorice in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, European Pharmacopoeia and Korean Pharmacopoeia. With the high rate of anthropogenic activities leading to habitat destruction and uncontrolled exploitation, licorice resources have become increasingly severed. With the development of artificial cultivation technology geared towards meeting the growing market demands, cultivated varieties of licorice have become the primary source of licorice products. At present, only G. uralensis and G. glabra realized the large-scale cultivation. High quality seeds and seedling is the assurance of the efficacy and safety of clinical drug use. In the production of G. uralensis and G. glabra, the problems of confusion, heterozygosity and uneven quality of seeds and seedlings often occurs. At present, an international standard for G. uralensis and G. glabra seeds and seedlings is still absent. Therefore, it is urgent need to formulate an international standard for G. uralensis and G. glabra seeds and seedlings. It is the requirement of a global trade and production. It can ensure the higher productivity and better product quality from origin and benefit seed or seedling trading, plantation and related pharmaceutical industry.
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