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Standards Development
This international standard specifies a method for determining of perchlorate in soil and soil materials using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It contains pre-treatments (including drying and sieving), extraction, clean-up, analysis using LC-MS, and calculation of perchlorate content in dry soil. Under the conditions specified in this document, method detection limit (MDL) is approximately 1,3 microgram/kg dry soil.
ISO 20295 provides the method for quantifying perchlorate in soil using ion chromatography (IC). Under the conditions specified in the document, the working range of the method is 0,1 mg/kg. Perchlorate is a naturally occurring and man-made oxyanion. It is used as an oxidizer in solid propellants, munitions, airbag initiators, fireworks, matches and signal flares. It is also found in industrial sectors such as, electroplating operations, nitrate fertilizers, disinfectants, and herbicides. As for the fate in environment, perchlorate is highly soluble in water, and relatively stable and mobile in soil and water. Because its low vapour pressure, perchlorates do not volatilize from water or soil to air. Perchlorate released to the atmosphere can settle through wet or dry deposition. Perchlorate is not adsorbed firmly on soil particle because of its electrical properties. As a result, surface water or groundwater are frequently contaminated with perchlorates through surface runoff or leaching process from soil materials. Many cases of perchlorate accumulation in soil, water and food have also been reported. The main routes for human exposure to perchlorate are ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water. Once absorbed into bloodstream through oral exposure, perchlorate can interfere and disrupt the functions of the thyroid and reducing the production of thyroid hormones. Many countries including the USA, Canada, China, Korea, and India have detected perchlorate from nanogram to milligram level in water, soil and food. Soil concentrations are frequently below the method detection limit of the current method (ISO 20295). In Korea and USA, the regulatory level of perchlorate in drinking water is 15 microgramm/l. However, the method to determine microgram level of perchlorate in soils has yet established. Due to its accumulation potential through food chain, even relatively low concentration of perchlorate in soils should be appropriately managed to protect the vegetation, surface water, groundwater, and human health. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a standard method that can quantify trace level of perchlorate in soils
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