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Standards Development
The proposed International Standard specifies cryptographic mechanisms to compute a function on encrypted data, while preserving the confidentiality of input, intermediate data, and output of a computation using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. The document provides the definitions, symbols, and formats. It defines the security model, assumptions, message spaces, ciphertext spaces, key spaces, and formats, and the cryptographic mechanisms for the cryptographic schemes suitable for standardization.
In its meeting in April 2021, ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 27/WG 2 agreed with unanimous consent to propose a new work item to extension the current series of encryption standards ISO/IEC 18033 with a Part 8 to include Fully Homomorphic Encryption.
As a result of the SP – Suitability of standardization of fully homomorphic encryption schemes, and subsequent PWI 15150 – Fully Homomorphic Encryption, WG2 experts assessed the demand for fully homomorphic encryption in both the public and private sector in the healthcare, retail, and finance fields, to name a few. Experts also identified notable use cases that benefit society, such as: Enhanced credit system (KR), Covid tracing (KR), Stolen Password detection (MSFT, world-wide), Join & Compute (Google, world-wide).
WG2 experts identified that the security parameters recommend by HomomorphicEncryption.org are a suitable starting point but need further refinements with the introduction of security margins to cover both classic and quantum-safe levels of security. Experts also identified security notions to include (IND-CPA) and note (IND-CPA+) in a prospective standard.
WG2 experts identified that the schemes BGV, BFV, CKKS, and CGGI (TFHE) meet the maturity criteria for standardization at ISO/ IEC JTC1 SC 27. Furthermore, experts agreed that the specification should be clear enough for implementation and with all the details necessary to facilitate interoperability. Experts contributed to an anticipated table of contents for a prospective standard which includes references from the established literature to guide writing the schemes’ specifications.
To progress with the standardization of the fully homomorphic encryption schemes, in its virtual meeting held on April 12-15, 2021, SC 27/WG 2 decided to initiate a new work item, naming it ISO/IEC 18033-8 Fully Homomorphic Encryption. C
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